Landau damping is a phenomenon in plasma physics where the free energy of collective oscillations in a plasma system is dissipated by interactions with individual particles in the system. This process leads to the damping of plasma waves and can be observed in various systems such as fusion plasmas, space plasmas, and astrophysical plasmas. The concept of Landau damping was first proposed by the Russian-American physicist Lev Landau in the 1940s. It occurs when the frequency of the plasma wave is close to the natural frequency of the particles in the plasma. As the wave interacts with the particles, energy is transferred from the wave to the particles, causing the wave to damp out. Understanding Landau damping is important for the study of plasma dynamics and the stabilization of plasma instabilities in various plasma systems. It plays a crucial role in the development of fusion energy technologies and has applications in astrophysics, space physics, and laboratory plasma experiments.